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KMID : 0848120130380030101
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International Journal of Oral Biology
2013 Volume.38 No. 3 p.101 ~ p.110
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Apoptotic Effects of Co-Treatment with a Chios Gum Mastic and Eugenol on G361 Human Melanoma Cells
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Park Bong-Soo
Jo Jae-Beom
Oh Sang-Hun
Kim In-Ryoung
Kim Gyoo-Cheon
Kwak Hyun-Ho
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Abstract
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We investigated the synergistic apoptotic effects of cotreatmentswith Chios gum mastic (CGM) and eugenol onG361 human melanoma cells. An MTT assay was conductedto investigate whether this co-treatment efficientlyreduces the viability of G361 cells compared with eachsingle treatment. The induction and augmentation of apoptosiswere confirmed by DNA electrophoresis, Hoechst staining,and analyses of DNA hypoploidy. Western blot analysisand immunofluorescent staining were also performedto evaluate expression and translocation of apoptosisrelatedproteins following CGM and eugenol co-treatment.Proteasome activity and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) changes were also assayed.The results indicated thatthe co-treatment of CGM and eugenol induces multiple pathwaysand processes associated with an apoptotic responsein G361 cells. These include nuclear condensation, DNAfragmentation, a reduction in MMP and proteasome activity,an increase of Bax and decrease of Bcl-2, a decreasedDNA content, cytochrome c release into the cytosol, thetranslocation of AIF and DFF40 (CAD) into the nucleus,and the activation of caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3, PARPand DFF45 (ICAD). In contrast, separate treatments of 40 μg/ml CGM or 300 μM eugenol for 24 hours did not induceapoptosis. Our present data thus suggest that a combinationtherapy of CGM and eugenol is a potential treatmentstrategy for human melanoma.
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KEYWORD
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chios gum mastic, eugenol, apoptosis, human melanoma cells
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